SST Practice Paper 3 Answer Key
1.
How can the people of a nation measure the effectiveness of a
government? 1
The people of a nation can measure the
effectiveness of a government through the directive principles of state policy.
2.
How do directive principles reduce inequality in society? 1
They provide equal opportunities to all
citizens to reduce inequality in income , social status and raise the standard
of living.
3.
Why do you think that 18th century England witnessed the Industrial revolution? 1
There was development in machines,
methods of production, and sources of energy, transport and communication in
England and thus 18th century England witnessed the Industrial revolution.
4.
Why was there deurbanization during the period of
colonialism? 1
During the colonial rule many of the old
cities and traditional urban areas began to decay and people began to move back
to their traditional villages and thus there was deurbanization.
5.
Why did cantonments develop during the colonial
period? 1
Cantonments developed during the
colonial period because there was separate administration of civil and military
stations. These were known as cantonments.
6.
What is transhumance? 1
Their seasonal movement along with their
herds to warmer places in winter and cooler highlands in summer.
7.
Why were the tribals angry with the British? 1
They brought
changes in laws, placed restrictions on their
practices, had to pay taxes, system of begari(unpaid labour) was introduced.
8.
What is meant by Commercialisation of
Agriculture? 1
Agricultural crops
and goods are produced for the market rather than for
domestic consumption. There was great demand for crops grown by the Indian
farmers in the western markets. So the British found it profitable to
commercialise agriculture.
9. What is
Renewable Resources? 1
Resources such as
wind, water, sand, etc. do not get exhausted even after being used
continuously. Most renewable resources regenerate themselves through a cyclic
process that is often a continuous process (such as rock cycle, etc.) or a
reproductive process (such as plants, animals and humans).
10.
Why do you think that there was a boost in the Indian textile
industry during World War I? 1
The First World War provided a major
boost for the development of cotton industry in India. The Indian cotton mills
made considerable progress due to the decline in textile imports from Britain
and the requirements of cloths for military supplies increased.
11.
What are the two exceptions to the right to
equality? 2
It allows the
government to make special provisions for women and
children, the government can also make special provisions for advancement of
backward classes and schedule castes and
schedule tribes.
12.
Why did the Indian textiles have to face stiff competition from
British textiles in the
American markets? 2
After the Industrial Revolution, Britain
produced cheap and better in quality machine made textiles than the Indian
textiles made with primitive techniques. Thus the Indian textiles had to face
stiff competition from British textiles in the American markets.
13.
Explain
any three types of resources. 3
Potential
Resources: These resources are known to exist and have
been located but are not utilized. For example, non conventional sources of
energy such as solar, wind and tidal, and geothermal energy. A detailed survey
about their quantity and quality and use of high end technology can enable
their use.
Actual
Resources: These resources are surveyed and assessed
for their expanse and economic viability, and hence utilized extensively by
humans. For example, iron ore and coal deposits of Chhota Nagpur plateau are
widely used in the Jamshedpur iron and steel plant. The part of the actual
resource which can be developed profitably with available technology is called
a reserve.
Localised
Resources: Resources that are found only in certain
places are localised resources.
For example, copper and iron ore are
localised. Uneven distribution of resources influences
population distribution.
14.
Write the full forms of the following: 3
PETA - Prevention of
Extreme Treatment to Animals
SPCA - Society for
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
WWF - World Wide Fund for
Nature
15. Explain Wild
Life as a Resource. 3
1. Animals give us
various products such as meat, hide, wool, milk, etc.
2. Insects such as
bees and butterflies helps in pollination.
3. Animals are a part
of definite food chain in the ecosystem. Herbivores feed on plants and
carnivores feed on herbivores. When animals die, other animals such as vultures
act like scavengers and feed on dead livestock and clean the environment. Their
remains get mixed into the Earth and form food for the plants. This completes
the cycle. There are various food chains in an ecosystem and many ecosystems in
a biome.
16. Describe the
importance of Resources. 3
Resources are valuable
to us in many ways:
1. Resources form the
backbone of the economy of a nation. Without land, water, forest, air, mineral
one cannot develop agriculture and industry.
2. Resources such as
air, water, forests and various life forms constitute natural environment,
which are essential for human survival and development.
3. Utilisation of
natural resources has enabled us to make various human made resources, which
are essential for our happiness and comfortable living.
17.
Describe the History of Khadi in your own words. 3
The brand Khadi took form as a part of
the freedom struggle to revive village industries, under the leadership and
encouragement of Mahatma Gandhi, to provide them with the ability to make their
own basic needs for a comfortable life. Today, Khadi gives a vision of villages
that stand independent all over India, as a sincere effort to make villagers
wholly self-sufficient. Pure, basic goodness and a gift of nature. It is in a
manner - the essence of India.
18.
Give a year wise account of how TISCO developed? 3
In 1911, the first
collieries were obtained and started producing pig iron.
In 1912, TISCO also
began producing steel. Soon after the outbreak of the
First World War.
In 1914, imports of
British steel into India declined as it had to meet the growing demands of war in Europe. That led
the Indian Railways to turn to TISCO for the supply of steel for rails. As the war stretched on for several years, the demand of the
colonial government was fulfilled by the TISCO.
19.
Who introduced Permanent Settlement and What are
the main features of Permanent Settlement? 4
Lord Cornwallis has
introduced Permanent Settlement. The rajas and
taluqdars were recognized as the proprietors of the land and known as the zamindars.
They worked as the representatives of the government. As zamindar, they could
collect rent from the cultivators and pay it as land revenue to the government.
The amount to be paid as land revenue was fixed permanently with no scope of
revision in the future. This was implemented to encourage the zamindars who
would invest in improving the land and yet pay the same revenue. This would
facilitate increase in agricultural production and thereby would benefit the
zamindars.
20. Explain the
importance of Directive Principles of State Policy. 4
Directive Principles
of State Policy not only act as guidelines for the government, they are a
yardstick for it too. In a democratic country like India, people can judge the
effectiveness of the government by comparing the policies and the laws made by
them to the Directive Principles laid down in the Constitution. People can
pressurise the government to follow the Directive Principles. They may not
re-elect the government to power if the government fails to do the needful.
Thus, the Directive Principles enlighten the citizens about the duties of the
government and what they can expect from them.
21. What are the
Principles promoting International Peace and Security? 4
The makers of the
Indian Constitution aimed to foster better relations with foreign countries.
The principles that influence our foreign policy are as follows:
The State shall
promote international peace and security
The State shall
attempt to maintain honourable relations with other countries
The State shall
respect international law and honour treaty obligations with other countries
The State shall
encourage settlement of international peace.
22. State the
discrimination against Dalits and Tribals. 4
The Dalits and the
tribal people have faced many problems as they have been forced to move away
from their homes due to various techniques of modernisation. Construction of
dams, development projects, deforestation, mining, etc has led mostly to
displacement of the tribals. They are still fighting for their rights through
different campaigns. The Narmada Bachao Andolan and the Dalit’s Human Rights
Campaign are two of the many campaigns initiated for their upliftment.
23. Why do we need
a Constitution? 5
Most of the countries
in the world today have a Constitution. The Constitution serves several
purposes. The Constitution lays down ideals of the people of the country which
tells us the basic nature of the society. A country comprises of people of
different castes and communities who have their own set of beliefs and
traditions. The rules and regulations in a Constitution are such that are
agreed upon by all individuals. The Constitution also reflects ideals that the
citizens of the country believe they should hold.
This is reflected in
its form of government too. Let us take the example of Nepal. Nepal was earlier
a monarchy with the King as its Constitutional head until 1990. People started
a movement for the establishment of a democracy which was finally granted to
them in 2006. The people of Nepal wrote a new Constitution as the previous one
did not uphold their vision of their country.
24. Mention any
five Fundamental Duties. 5
·
Abide by the
Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the
National Anthem.
·
Cherish and
follow the noble ideals that inspired our national struggle for independence.
·
Uphold and
protect the unity, sovereignty and integrity of India.
·
Defend the
country and render national service, if and when required.
·
Promote
harmony and the spirit of brotherhood amongst all citizens, irrespective of
religious, linguistic, regional and sectional diversities; give up practices
derogatory to the dignity of women.
25. What is the
Impact of Water Scarcity? 5
1. Scarcity of water
is faced by many countries such as Northern Africa, Central and West Africa,
Asia, parts of South America and Central and Western Australia.
2. People have to walk
long distances in order to fetch drinking water.
3. Growth and
development of the area has been stalled because of the non availability of the
water.
4. Water though being
free property is now being sold at a price which is steadily increasing with
the demand.
5. People have to
drink impure water that could lead to many water borne diseases.
26.
What
are the Factors Influencing Soil Formation? 5
1. Nature of the parent rock gives colour,
texture, chemical composition, mineral content and permeability to the soil.
For example, erosion of sandstone gives rise to sandy soil, and basalt gives
rise to black soil in arid areas.
2. Climatic conditions such as temperature and
rainfall govern the rate and the type of weathering. For example, chemical
weathering is prominent in the areas of high rainfall and monsoon climate.
Decomposition of organic matter is rapid in humid climate.
3. Topography determines the thickness of the
soil found in the region. Flat areas will have thick soil while sloppy area
enables soil runoff and, therefore, has thin soil cover.
4. Living organisms such as earthworms,
bacteria, etc. aerate the soil and contribute to its fertility. Roots of the
plants also aerate the soil and check soil erosion.
5. Time determines the maturity of the soil
profile. The longer the time parent rock is exposed to weathering, the more
mature soil it will be. It is generally a slow process but is slightly rapid in
humid regions. The layers of the older soil will lie deeper and the younger
soil will be at the top of the profile.
27.
Mark the following on the map: 6
·
Desert soil - Rajasthan
·
Subnderbans –
West Bengal
·
Tungabhadra River – Karnataka
·
Average
Annual Rainfall 800cm to 1000cm - Meghalaya
28. How
is water pollution and water scarcity related in India? 6
The causes of water contamination are numerous
and range from agricultural runoff to improper use of household chemicals and
everything in between. While the standard use in our society of over 75,000
different chemical compounds has offered added convenience and productivity in
our lives, it has also come at a tremendous price. The use of pesticides and
herbicides has become so excessive that they are now commonly found in
household tap water with alarming frequency. The tragic health effects of
consuming these highly toxic chemicals are magnified many times over for small
children because their systems are more sensitive and still developing. Small
children also consume a much larger toxic chemicals are magnified many times
over for small children because their systems are more sensitive and still
developing. Small children also consume a much larger volume of fluids per
pound of body weight and therefore get a bigger dose, yet none of these factors
are considered when the EPA’s maximum contaminant levels are set.
Perchloroethylene, cyanide, and benzene are used in such common industries as
dry cleaning, car washes and photo processing, much of which ends up going down
someone’s drain and into our water supplies. It has been shown tha areas with
the highest levels of these manmade carcinogens in their water supplies also
have the highest incidence of cancer.
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