SST GR-8 INDUSTRIES
Answer the following questions.
(i) What is meant by the term ‘industry’?
(ii) Which are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?
(iii) Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of the modern industry and why?
(iv) Why cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?
(v) What are the similarities between the information, the technology industry in Bangalore and California?
Answer:
(i) Industry refers to economic activity that is concerned with the production of goods, extraction of minerals, or provision of services.
(ii) The location of industries is affected by the availability of raw material, land, water, labour, power, capital, transport, and market.
(iii) Ships, trains, trucks, and automobiles are made largely of steel. From safety pins to big ships are made from steel.
- Oil wells are drilled with steel machinery.
- Steel pipelines transport oil.
- Minerals are mined with steel equipment.
- Farm machines are mostly made of steel.
- Large buildings have steel framework.
(iv) Cotton textile industry expanded rapidly in Mumbai initially because of the presence of a lot of favorable conditions. Warm and moist climate, a port situated nearby to import machinery, easy availability of raw material, and skilled labour were factors behind this.
(v) Similarities between the information technology industry in Bangalore and Silicon Valley in California:
- Bangalore is located on Deccan Plateau, Silicon Valley (Santa Clara Valley) next to the rocky mountains.
- Both have a clean environment.
- The mild climate throughout the year (pleasant climate).
- Close to educational, scientific, and technological centers.
- Close to major roads and airports.
- Good access to markets.
- Skilled workforce.
- Low rents and low cost of living
Answer:
On the basis of raw material used, industries are classified into agro, mineral, marine, and forest-based. The raw material of agro-based industries consists of plant and animal-based products. Some examples are food processing, cotton textile industry, and leather industry. The raw material used in mineral-based industries consists of mineral ores.
An example: iron and steel industry. Marine-based industries use products obtained from the sea and oceans as raw materials. Seafood industry is one such industry. A forest-based industry uses forest produce as raw material. Examples are the paper industry and furniture.
2. Describe briefly the classification of industries on basis of ownership.
Answer:On the basis of ownership, industries are classified into the private sector, state-owned (public sector), joint sector, and cooperative sector. Private-sector industries are owned by individuals or a group of individuals. Public sector industries are owned by the government. Joint sector industries are owned and operated by the state and individuals. Maruti Udyog is an example of such an industry. Cooperative sector industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers, or both. AMUL is one such industry.
An industrial system consists of inputs, processes, and outputs. Raw materials, labour, costs, transport, power and infrastructure are inputs. In a cotton textile industry, for example, inputs are cotton, human labour, transport cost, etc. Processes are activities done to convert raw material into finished products. In a cotton textile industry, ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, etc process. The finished product and all profits earned are the outputs. In the cotton textile industry, the outputs are clothes we wear.
The major industrial areas of the world are eastern North America, western and central Europe, eastern Europe, and eastern Asia. In India, major industrial regions are the Mumbai-Pune cluster, Bangalore-Tamil Nadu region, Hugli region, Ahmedabad-Baroda region, Chhotanagpur industrial belt, Vishakhapatnam-Guntur Belt, Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut region, and the Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram industrial cluster.
Answer:
Steel has these properties: it is tough, it can easily be shaped (malleability), cut or made into wire (ductility). Adding certain other elements makes it harder, tougher, and rust-retention capability.
Steel is the backbone of the modern industry. We use a lot of steel objects in daily life. Ships, trains, and most other vehicles, tiny needles and safety pins, machinery and equipment, buildings, etc utilise steel as a main or sole constituent.
6. What factors supported Sakchi being chosen to set up the steel plant by TISCO?
Answer:Sakchi was chosen for various reasons. It was close to the Kalimati Railway Station. It was also close to iron ore, coal, and manganese deposits. Kolkata, a source of a large market, was not far away. Jharia coalfields, and limestone, dolomite, limestone and manganese from Orissa and Chhattisgarh were easily accessible. The nearby rivers (Kharkai and Subamarekha) provided sufficient water supply.
Answer:
Cotton is a natural fibre crop. The cotton textile industry is the industry which involves in making clothes out of the fibre. It is one of the oldest industries of the world. India has a glorious history of producing excellent quality cotton textiles. The Muslins of Dhaka, Chintzes of Masulipatnam,
Calicos of Calicut and gold-wrought cotton of Burhanpur, Vadodara and Surat had world-famous quality and design. The traditional Indian cotton textile industry, however, could not compete with the Western textile mills, due to the high cost of the handwoven textile. The process involved, moreover, was time-consuming.
The first successful mechanised textile mill in India was established in Mumbai in 1854. The factors that led to the success were the warm and moist climate, the presence of a nearby port for importing machinery, the availability of raw material and skilled labour. Humidity was the main reason why the industry was initially limited to Maharashtra and Gujarat.
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