Standard 8

  Answer the following questions. (i) What is meant by the term ‘industry’? (ii) Which are the main factors which influence the location of an industry? (iii) Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of the modern industry and why? (iv) Why cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai? (v) What are the similarities between the information, the technology industry in Bangalore and California? Answer: (i) Industry refers to economic activity that is concerned with the production of goods, extraction of minerals, or provision of services. (ii) The location of industries is affected by the availability of raw material, land, water, labour, power, capital, transport, and market. (iii) Ships, trains, trucks, and automobiles are made largely of steel. From safety pins to big ships are made from steel. Oil wells are drilled with steel machinery. Steel pipelines transport oil. Minerals are mined with steel equipment. Farm machines are mostly made of steel. Large buildi...

  Q1. What do you mean by disaster? Answer:  A disaster is defined as a disruption on a massive scale, either natural or man-made, occurring in short or long periods of time. Disasters can lead to human, material, economic or environmental hardships, which can be beyond the bearable capacity of the affected society. As per statistics, India as a whole, is vulnerable to 30 different types of disasters that will affect the economic, social and human development potential to such an extent that it will have long-term effect on productivity and macro-economic performance. Q2. What are the different types of disaster? Answer:  Disasters can be classified into the following categories: Water and Climate Disaster: Flood, hail storms, cloudburst, cyclones, heat waves, cold waves, droughts, hurricanes. Geological Disaster: Landslides, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes Biological Disaster: Viral epidemics, pest attacks, cattle epidemic and locust plagues Industrial Disaste...

GIVE REASONS 1. There was discontent among the Hindu and Muslim sepoys. Answer: In 1856, the British provided long enfield rifles to the Indian sepoys. The sepoys were required to bite the end of the cartridges. The news spread out that these cartridges were smeared in the fats of cow and pig. Due to this the religious sentiments of Hindu and Muslim sepoys were hurt and made them unhappy. 2. The Indian sepoys could not keep stand in front of the British army. Answer: Indian soldiers were brave but did not use tactics. They had limited armed supply. The British had economic strength, disciplined army, enough stock of latest arms and experienced army generals. Since transport and communication was in the hands of British, their movements were swift. Due to this the Indian sepoys could not keep stand in front of the British army. 3. After the struggle, Indian army was divided on the basis of caste. Answer: After the struggle there was division of military on basis of caste in order to avo...

How did Ram Mohan Roy’s propagate his ideas? Ram Mohan Roy did not however believe in blindly aping the — west, north did he believe in blindly relying on India’s own past. The ideal situation would be to balance the best of the East and the West and reconstruct society accordingly. What were his views on religion? A comparative study of the Vedas, the Koran and the Bible (the old Testament and New Testament) convinced Raja Ram Mohan Roy about the basic unity in the fundamental truths of all religions. According to him religion was central to an individual’s life. Every aspect of social life revolved around religious beliefs. He propagated the religious ideas based on the philosophy of the Vedas. There is only one God who is the creater and preserver of the universe/monotheism) All men are children of the ‘one God of all human beings’ and therefore equal (brotherhood of man)  It was not necessary to worship, idols and perform rituals and sacrifices. God could be reached through pra...

1.  Enumerate the functions of the Council of Ministers. The functions of the Council of Ministers is as follows: In a parliamentary form of government the Council of Ministers takes initiative in the process of Law-making. The scheme, policy plans etc. are drafted and discussed and then introduced in the House. The Council of Ministers has discussed important questions before making a decision. Education, agriculture, industry, health, foreign relations, among others, are subjects upon which the Council of Ministers has to decide specific policies or direction of work. The Parliament needs to be taken into confidence about the policy decisions taken by the government. Therefore, the Ministers of the respective departments lay their policy plans in the House to bring about a discussion on it. Implementation of policy is the foremost responsibility of the Council of Ministers. Once the Parliament approves the laws, the Council of Ministers implements them. 2.  How does the Parl...